• R (ERP) v Secretary of State for Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy English High Court (2018): acted in challenge to alteration of GB energy capacity payments regime.
• RES UK and Ireland Ltd’s Application for Judicial Review [2018] NIQB 16, Belfast High Court: appeared for claimant on successful challenge to refusal of onshore wind scheme consent on environmental grounds.
• Downstream petroleum joint venture between European majors (2017): acted for operator in dispute with joint venturer.
• D Ltd v C (2017): acted in costs litigation arising out of allegations of professional negligence following a complex corporate mergers and acquisitions transaction.
• Infrastructure funding: acted in dispute between public and private bodies in relation to funding arrangements for transport scheme (2017).
• Marine installation straddling multiple territorial sea areas and EEZ (2017): advised on consenting and law of the sea issues.
• EU vehicle type certification (2017): advised manufacturer on compatibility of member state rules with EU automotive directives. Successfully prompted fresh national legislation to implement directives correctly.
• A v State B (2016): prospective Energy Charter Treaty claim against an EU member state (petroleum E&P).
• Mediation under the OECD Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises: advised and appeared in mediation under specific instance procedure in relation to African energy project (2014).

• Institutional and ad hoc arbitration – appearing as counsel/acting as arbitrator in a wide range of commercial claims; bringing and defending enforcement, set-aside and annulment proceedings. Appointments accepted under the rules of all the major institutions (including ICC, LCIA, ICSID, AIAC (formerly KLRCA), SIAC, SCC, SHIAC, LMAA and ARIAS). Member of list of specialist arbitrators for UK rail Access Disputes Committee. Inaugural member of panel of arbitrators of AIFC International Arbitration Centre (Kazakhstan).
• Commercial litigation – appearing in the English courts in high-value commercial disputes; claims by and against public sector bodies; professional negligence claims; civil fraud and misrepresentation; disclosure and privilege issues; anti-suit and freezing injunctions; sanctions issues; disputes arising from regulatory investigations.
• Energy, natural resources and utilities – disputes about funding, construction and performance of major projects, including offshore petroleum and renewables; marine plant, engineering and servicing; licensing, concession and JOA/JV disputes; petroleum exploration and production; power purchase and repricing; technical disputes about generation and transmission plant; grid connection and management issues; supply chain disputes; State subsidy and support schemes, including statutory arbitration; end-of-life and decommissioning issues.
• Investment treaties and sovereign claims – disputes under contracts and concessions awarded by government entities; inter-State and investment treaty claims; jurisdiction, enforcement and sovereign immunity issues; judicial review and administrative law disputes.
• Insurance and financial services – Insurance/reinsurance disputes in the London market and elsewhere; regulatory disputes in the insurance sector; claims against regulatory bodies; challenges to regulators’ immunity from suit.
• Property and development – disputes about development of land including option agreements, funding arrangements, development management and enforcement, taxation and levies on development.
• International transport and carriage of goods – contract claims and international trade disputes about maritime, rail and road transport services; environmental impacts of maritime and aviation operations.
• Infrastructure, engineering and construction – shipbuilding disputes; claims relating to funding, development and construction of linear infrastructure; defective plant and equipment; consultancy services and professional negligence; liability on project termination.
• Procurement and public/private partnerships – contracting authority duties and procedures; disputes under framework agreements; anti-corruption issues; direct award/extension of contracts; shareholder and equivalent claims between JV partners; EU and public law issues in outsourcing.
• Private international law and jurisdictional disputes – intra-EU disputes, including Judgments Regulation/Lugano Convention issues; intra-ASEAN and intra-OHADA claims; resolving appropriate forum and governing law.
• Competition and market regulation – anti-trust, service concession, State aid and pricing issues, including re-openers and follow-on damages claims; damages claims against regulatory bodies; group and consumer claims; advising public bodies on legislation in regulated markets including utilities, telecoms, financial and legal services.
• Confidential information and IP – claims for misuse of confidential information; licensing/manufacturing agreements in the energy and engineering sectors.
• ADR – mediation and conciliation of a range of disputes including commercial, public sector and public international law. Adjudication, dispute board and expert determination cases.

Major cases and instructions:

• X v Y – enforcement of Gulf State arbitral award outside limitation period (2018).
• D Ltd v C – costs litigation arising out of allegations of professional negligence following a complex corporate M&A transaction (2017).
• Downstream petroleum joint venture dispute between European majors (2017).Infrastructure funding – dispute re. public/private financial arrangements for transport scheme (2017).
• Shipbuilding framework agreement – advising on governmental framework agreement for procurement and construction of vessels (2016).
• A v State B – prospective Energy Charter Treaty claim against EU Member State (petroleum E&P).Institutional arbitration (Asia) – power purchase agreement (award 2016).
• C v State D – prospective Energy Charter Treaty claim against EU Member State (offshore renewables).
• PFI Dispute Board – appointed to dispute resolution panel for waste management Private Finance Initiative project (2016).
• ICC Arbitration (Europe) – solar energy projects (award 2016).
• Merong Mahawangsa v Sharyl Eskay Malaysian Federal Court (2015) – public policy and infrastructure contract secured through influence-trading.
• Waste Management Contract – dispute (English arbitration clause) re validity of incentive payment provisions (2015).
• Bondholder dispute involving Chinese and other parties, Singapore High Court (2014).
• Mediation under the OECD Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises – petroleum exploration in environmentally sensitive African location (2014).
• Appointed expert determiner in Asian cross-border contract dispute about offshore petroleum plant (2014).
• R (A) v Chief Constable of C [2014] 1 WLR 2776 – fairness obligation in procurement of services with sercurity implications.
• Multijurisdictional dispute – energy project funding in the PRC, Singapore arbitration/London litigation clauses (2014).
• Intra-EU claim for economic torts against State officials – application of Brussels I regulation to cross-border damages claim based on bad faith (2014).
• Data centre service agreement – dispute about terms of occupancy (2013).
• Electronic Communications Code – landowner’s claim against utility undertaker (2013).
• Utility dispute under ad hoc arbitration clause (England) – allocation of cost for reservoir construction (2013).
• X v Y County Council – statutory arbitration in the former Lands Tribual re. interim payment of compensation for compulsory acquisition of land (2009).
• The Lloyd’s litigation: Poole & others v HM Treasury (CA) [2007] 2 CLC 727; Society of Lloyd’s v Laws (CA) [2003] EWCA Civ 1887; Society of Lloyd’s v Jaffray (CA) [2002] All ER (D) 399.

• Litigation and arbitration – appearing as counsel/acting as arbitrator in claims involving the energy and utilities sectors; bringing and defending enforcement, set-aside and annulment proceedings. Emergency relief and anti-suit injunctions. Appointments accepted under the rules of all the major institutions. Appearing in the English and EU courts in complex disputes including contract cases, claims by and against public bodies, professional negligence and other tort claims. Handling disclosure and privilege issues. Handling cross-border jurisdiction and choice of law issues in intra-EU, intra-ASEAN and intra-OHADA claims.
• Major project disputes – construction and financing of major projects in Europe and Asia; allocation of consenting and funding risk; contractual liability and protection of confidential information on project termination.
• Upstream oil & gas – licensing, concession and JOA/JV disputes; petroleum exploration and production; supply chain disputes; contractual liability in M&A transactions.
• Offshore installations – marine plant, engineering and servicing; impacts of maritime boundary disputes; pipeline, marine cable and interconnector issues; consenting issues; expert determinations; end-of-life and decommissioning.
• Downstream energy and utilities – State subsidy and support schemes including the UK Renewables Obligation, contracts for difference and capacity market; petroleum transportation, storage and trading (including LNG); grid connection and management issues; power purchase agreements; repricing/re-opener disputes; technical disputes about generation and transmission plant including gas/steam turbine plant, switchgear, liability for outages; IP licensing and manufacturing agreements.
• Investment treaties and sovereign claims – inter-State and investment treaty disputes including Energy Charter Treaty claims; claims disputes under contracts and concessions awarded by government entities; jurisdiction, enforcement and sovereign immunity issues; judicial review and administrative law disputes.
• Energy markets – energy market reform and regulation; competition, anti-trust/State aid and pricing issues in the utility sector; public service obligations of EU energy suppliers; EU emissions trading scheme – sale and purchase of traded instruments.
• Environmental impacts of energy projects – assessment and mitigation of turbine noise, including validity of monitoring and mitigation requirements; carbon capture and storage; regulation of shale gas extraction; interpretation and lawfulness of consenting policies for renewable energy schemes; adequacy of reasons for consenting decisions; application of EU environmental impact assessment and biodiversity legislation including the Habitats Directive, Birds Directive and Environmental Liability Directive; application of EU waste and pollution law (Waste Framework, Landfill, Water Framework and Groundwater Directives) to petroleum waste including produced water.
• Environmental regulation and enforcement – advising and appearing in regulatory appeals and enforcement proceedings; global investigations; public law issues including adequacy of reasons for decisions, interpretation and lawfulness of consenting policies.
• EU and international environmental law – Environmental Impact Assessment of energy and infrastructure projects in EU Member States, Asia and Africa; application of biodiversity legislation including the Habitats Directive, Birds Directive and Environmental Liability Directive; application of EU waste and pollution law (Waste Framework, Landfill, Water Framework and Groundwater Directives) to various sectors including extractive industries, manufacturing, petroleum and sewerage/sanitation; environmental human rights issues.
• Shipping, aviation and ports – transboundary waste and fuel shipment; OSPAR and Bunker Convention issues; environmental impacts of coastal and estuarine shipping; application of EU Habitats Directive to extension and construction of passenger and freight port facilities; environmental impacts of airport development and airspace regulation.
• Nuclear power – reactor design and safety issues including Euratom safety regime.
• Extractive industries – grant and review of dredging and mining consents; application of EU waste legislation to spoil and by-products.
• Water resources – discharge and abstraction consenting; water resources management; regulation of water utility undertakers; EU groundwater and waste legislation; toxic tort and pollution claims; flood defence issues affecting coastal waters and navigable waterways.
• Property and development – environmental issues arising out of land development including liability for historic contamination, environmental due diligence, impact of development on protected habitats and species, impacts on built heritage.
• ADR – mediation and conciliation of a range of energy and utility disputes including commercial contracts and public international law. Adjudication, dispute board and expert determination cases.

Major cases and instructions:

• R (ERP) v Secretary of State for Business, Energy and Regulatory Reform, English High Court – challenge to alteration of GB energy capacity payments regime (2018).
• RES UK and Ireland Ltd’s Application for Judicial Review [2018] NIQB 16, Belfast High Court – successful challenge to refusal of onshore wind scheme consent on environmental grounds.
• Downstream petroleum joint venture dispute between European majors (2017).
• Installation straddling multinational territorial sea and EEZ – advising on consenting and Law of the Sea issues (2017).
• Airports XXX and YYY – disputes about environmental impacts of changes to departure arrangements (2016-17).
• UK Renewables Obligation Scheme – advising on impact of early closure of scheme on onshore renewables projects (2016).
• EU Renewable Energy Directive – advising on Commission proposal for replacement Directive (2016).
• A v State B – prospective Energy Charter Treaty claim against EU Member State (petroleum E&P).
• Institutional arbitration (Asia) – power purchase agreement (award 2016).
• C v State D – prospective Energy Charter Treaty claim against EU Member State (offshore renewables).
• ICC arbitration (Europe) – solar energy projects (award 2016).
• R (Barraud) v Civil Aviation Authority (2015) – consultation requirements in relation to environmental effects of change in arrivals pattern.
• Powys County Council v the Welsh Ministers and RES Developments (UK and Ireland) Ltd [2015] EWHC 3284 (Admin) – adequacy of turbine decommissioning arrangements; devolution issues in relation to policies on renewable energy consenting.
• Water Resources Management Plan Inquiry, South East Water (2010).
• Mediation under the OECD Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises – petroleum exploration in environmentally sensitive African location (2014).
• Wind Prospect Developments Ltd v SSCLG [2014] EWHC 4041 (Admin) – duty to give reasons where decision-maker rejects professional opinion re impacts of onshore wind project.
• R (Hulme) v West Devon BC and RES [2014] EWHC 3937 (Admin) – amplitude modulation of turbine noise.Multijurisdictional dispute – energy project funding in the PRC, Singapore arbitration/London litigation clauses (2014).
• Barnwell Manor Wind Energy Ltd v English Heritage and others [2014] 1 P&CR 22, CA – seminal authority on heritage impacts of onshore wind projects.
• Utility dispute under ad hoc arbitration clause (England) – allocation of cost for reservoir construction (2013).
• R (RWE Npower Renewables Limited) v Milton Keynes Council [2013] EWHC 751 (Admin) – lawfulness of separation distances for onshore wind.
• R (Manchester Ship Canal Co and another) v Environment Agency [2013] JPL 1406, CA – canal flood defences.
• R (Walker) v Secretary of State for Energy and Climate Change [2013] EWHC 2048 – approval of reactor type under Euratom Basic Safety Directive.
• Y Ltd – compatibility of hazardous waste proposals with EU waste and groundwater legislation.
• RWE Npower Renewables Ltd v the Welsh Ministers (QBD) [2012] EWCA Civ 311 – impact of development on natural habitat.
• R (Baird) v Environment Agency [2011] EWHC 939 – coastal flood defences – consultation.
• R. (Akester) v DEFRA and Wightlink Ltd [2010] Env LR 33 – 33 erosion to protected habitat from estuarine shipping operations.
• UK National Policy Statement on port development – Advising on compatibility of policy with Habitats Directive (2010).
• R. (Lewis) v Redcar and Cleveland BC [2009] 1 WLR 83, CA – local authority decision-making under Habitats Directive.
• X and Trustees for Y v British Waterways Board (2008) – claim under Canal Act for damage to fishery from navigation operations.
• Compensation liability for revocation of extractive consents – advising on potential ECHR claim where mining consent reviews on environment grounds (2008).
• Merrett v Severn Trent Water, TCC (2004) – claim for damage to fishery from sewage deposition.
• Compatibility of agricultural practices with Waste Framework Directive (2003) – advising Member State on lawfulness of permitting certain practices involving agricultural waste.

• EU energy law and policy – advising on funding and policy support for renewables under EU law; cross-border interconnection issues; application of EU environmental and biodiversity legislation; end-of-life and decommissioning issues under EU law; EU emissions trading scheme.
• Cross-border transport and free movement of goods – cabotage and temporary service provision rights for cross-border goods vehicle operators; goods and passenger vehicle operators’ obligations in relation to competition and safety; franchising, procurement and State aid in the maritime and rail transport sectors.
• Competition and State aid – UK, EU and Asian disputes about anti-trust, service concession, State aid and pricing issues in the energy, utilities, transport and automotive sectors; bringing and defending Francovich and other damages claims against regulatory bodies; advising trade organisations and governmental bodies on policy and legislative proposals in regulated markets.
• Brexit – advising businesses, trade organisations and public bodies on implications of Brexit, transitional arrangements and future trade implications. Member of various advisory and sector groups including the ICC Brexit Advisory Group and the DBEIS Mutual Market Access Working Group. Vice-Chair of Bar Council Brexit Working Group.
• Jurisdiction, judgments and choice of law – cross-border claims, including Judgments Regulation/Lugano Convention issues; resolving appropriate forum and governing law; claims involving parties domiciled in European offshore jurisdictions.
• Procurement and public/private partnerships – contracting authority duties and procedures; disputes under framework agreements; anti-corruption issues; engineering and construction claims; direct award/extension of public contracts; shareholder and equivalent claims between JV partners; EU and public law issues in outsourcing.
• EU environmental law – environmental impact assessment; environmental impacts of maritime operations under EU and international instruments; environmental impacts of petroleum E&P operations; disposal and transboundary shipment of waste and petroleum by-products; cross-border tort claims for environmental damage; compatibility of development and industrial operations with EU waste and biodiversity legislation.
• Investment treaties and sovereign claims – handling State aid, REIO and intra-EU issues in investment treaty disputes; jurisdiction, enforcement and sovereign immunity issues.
• Insurance, financial services and consumer law – advice and drafting on implementation of the Non-Life Directives; challenges to regulator’s immunity from suit; group claims for non-implementation; advising on claims under the Timeshare Directives; advice and drafting on successive EU contract and consumer law proposals including the Digital Single Market package.
• Privacy and data protection – civil claims and regulatory disputes under EU and ECHR law on confidential information, data protection, surveillance and interception.
• European public affairs – drafting and advocacy at all stages of the legislative process; acting as expert in proposals on data protection, e-commerce, and regulated markets including energy and transport.

Major cases and instructions:

• R (ERP) v Secretary of State for Business, Energy and Regulatory Reform, English High Court – State aid challenge to alteration of GB energy capacity payments regime (2018).
• EU vehicle type certification – advising manufacturer on compatibility of Member State rules with EU Automotive Directives (2017).
• Military hardware – advising on EU procurement and State aid issues in relation to long-term contracts for high-value materiel (2016).
• EU Renewable Energy Directive – advising on Commission proposal for replacement Directive (2016).
• Scottish island ferry services – advising on procurement and State aid issues under the EU Maritime Cabotage Regulation (2015).
• EU Fourth Rail Package – advising rail industry players on draft Governance Directive and Passenger Service Operators Regulation; contributing to expert round table on the proposals (2015).
• Intra-EU claim for economic torts against State officials (2014) – application of Brussels I Regulation to cross-border damages claim for misconduct in public office.
• R (RMT, TSSA and ASLEF) v Secretary of State for Transport (2014) – award of rail contracts without public tenders – compatibility with EU Rail Regulation (EC) 1370/2007.EU Automotive Directives – advising on compatibility of reforms to Member State competent authority with the Directives, general principles of EU law and ECHR (2013).
• EU Third Energy Package – advising on compatibility of proposed energy market reforms with Public Service Obligation provisions of Directives 2009/72/EC and 2009/73/EC (2013).
• R (Walker) v Secretary of State for Energy and Climate Change [2013] EWHC 2-48 (Admin) – approvals for civil nuclear reactors under Basic Safety Standards Directive 96/29/EURATOM.
• X Ltd – advising on application of Pressetext principle to alteration of functions of quasi-public dispute-resolution institution (2013).
• Nolan Transport v Secretary of State [2012] UKUT 221 (AAC) – carriage of goods by road – cabotage rules under Directive 92/106/EEC.Y Ltd – compatibility of hazardous waste proposals with EU waste and groundwater legislation (2012).
• Wright v Vehicle and Operator Services Agency (QBD) [2011] R7R 35 – interpretation of EU Passenger Transport Regulation.
• R. (Akester) v DEFRA and Wightlink Ltd [2010] Env LR 33 – erosion to protected habitat arising from estuarine shipping operations.
• UK National Policy Statement on port development – Advising on compatibility of policy with Habitats Directive (2010).
• Poole & others v HM Treasury P(CA) [2007] 2 CLC 727 – Francovich damages claim by investors for failure to implement the First Non-Life Directive in the Lloyd’s market.
• R (Stone) v South East Coast Strategic Health Authority (QBD) [2006] EWHC 1668 (Admin) – Data Protection Directive issues concerning publication of medical information as part of inquiry report.
• Compatibility of agricultural practices with Waste Framework Directive (2003) – advising Member State on lawfulness of permitting certain practices involving agricultural waste.

• Litigation and arbitration – appearing as counsel/acting as arbitrator in claims involving the maritime, land and air transport sectors; bringing and defending enforcement, set-aside and annulment proceedings. Emergency relief and anti-suit injunctions. Appointments accepted under the rules of all the major institutions. Member of list of specialist arbitrators for UK rail Access Disputes Committee. Appearing in the English and EU courts in complex disputes including contract cases, claims by and against public bodies, international trade and free movement of goods and services. Handling disclosure and privilege issues.
• Investment treaties and sovereign claims – disputes under contracts and concessions awarded by government entities; inter-State and investment treaty claims; jurisdiction, enforcement and sovereign immunity issues; judicial review and administrative law disputes.
• Shipbuilding and infrastructure – shipbuilding disputes; claims relating to funding and construction of port facilities and linear infrastructure in Europe, Asia and elsewhere; Parliamentary and governmental consenting processes; claims for defective plant and equipment; anti-corruption issues in contract award; allocation of consenting and funding risk; consultancy services and professional negligence; contractual liability and protection of confidential information on project termination.
• Rail industry contracting and regulation – passenger rail franchising disputes including tendering procedures, termination of franchises and franchising exercises, direct awards/extensions and competent authority obligations; public service contracts under EU law; advice and drafting on regulatory rules; access, compensation and freight transfer disputes including UK ADC and Network Code procedures; member of UK ADC arbitrators panel; advising on EU legislation and proposals; joint venture disputes.
• Tram and light rail – public consenting procedures; PPP/PFI contract disputes.
• Cross-border transport and free movement of goods and services – cabotage and temporary service provision rights for cross-border goods vehicle operators; vehicle operators’ obligations in relation to competition and safety; franchising, procurement and State aid issues.
• Shipping operations and port development – transboundary waste and fuel shipment; off-spec cargoes; OSPAR and Bunker Convention issues; environmental impacts of coastal and estuarine shipping; application of EU Habitats Directive to extension and construction of passenger and freight port facilities; EU maritime cabotage rules and public service contracts for passenger services.
• Aviation – advising and appearing in disputes about environmental impacts of airport development and airspace regulation.
• Navigable waterways – waterways maintenance and management disputes; liability and funding issues in relation to flood defence; control structures and flood defences on navigable waterways.
• ADR – mediation and conciliation of a range of transport and infrastructure disputes including commercial contracts, environmental impacts and public international law. Adjudication, dispute board and expert determination cases.

Major cases and instructions:

• Marine installation straddling multinational territorial seas and EEZ – advising on consenting and Law of the Sea issues (2017).
• Infrastructure funding – dispute re. public/private financial arrangements for transport scheme (2017).
• Airports XXX and YYY – disputes about environmental impacts of changes to departure arrangements (2016-17).
• Shipbuilding framework agreement – advising on governmental framework agreement for procurement and construction of vessels (2016).
• Scottish island ferry services – advising on procurement and State aid issues under the EU Maritime Cabotage Regulation (2015).
• EU Fourth Rail Package – advising rail industry players on draft Governance Directive and Passenger Service Operators Regulation (2015).
• Merong Mahawangsa v Sharyl Eskay Malaysian Federal Court (2015) – public policy and infrastructure contract secured through influence-trading.
• R (Barraud) v Civil Aviation Authority (2015) – consultation requirements in relation to environmental effects of change in arrivals pattern.
• R (RMT, TSSA and ASLEF) v Secretary of State for Transport (2014) – award of rail contracts without public tenders – compatibility with EU Rail Regulation (EC) 1370/2007.
• R (Manchester Ship Canal Co and another) v Environment Agency [2013] JPL 1406, CA – status of control structures on navigable waterway.
• EU Automotive Directives – advising on compatibility of reforms to Member State competent authority with the Directives, general principles of EU law and ECHR (2013).
• Nolan Transport v Secretary of State [2012] UKUT 221 (AAC) – carriage of goods – cabotage rules under Directive 92/106/EEC.
• Wright v Vehicle and Operator Services Agency (QBD) [2011] R7R 35 – interpretation of EU Passenger Transport Regulation.
• R. (Akester) v DEFRA and Wightlink Ltd [2010] Env LR 33 – erosion to protected habitat arising from estuarine shipping operations.UK National Policy Statement on port development – advising on compatibility of policy with Habitats Directive (2010).
• X and Trustees of Y v British Waterways Board (2008) – claim under canal Act for damage to fishery from navigation operations.
• M. urban metro extension – advising on scope of authorising instrument (2008).

• Investment treaty advice and disputes – advice on structuring deals and investments; arbitral claims under bilateral and multilateral investment treaties including the Energy Charter Treaty. Advising on liability, quantum of compensation, interim measures, annulment/set-aside proceedings and enforcement. Advising on procedural issues including parallel domestic proceedings and “fork-in-the-road” issues. Arbitral appointments accepted under ICSID, SCC and other major institutional rules and ad hoc.
• Expropriation and compensation claims – advice and advocacy in claims for expropriation and property damage under host State constitutional law and international instruments including the European Convention on Human Rights.
• International human rights law and corporate social responsibility – advising and appearing in claims before regional human rights bodies including the European Court of Human Rights; acting in disputes under “soft law” instruments including the UN Guiding on Business and Human Rights and OECD Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises; advising on modern slavery issues including supply chain due diligence; cross-border transparency and anti-corruption issues; advising on historic abuses by colonial and occupying forces; fair trail rights; claims under the EU Charter of Fundamental Rights.
• International and EU environmental law – environmental impact assessment in international law; environmental impacts of maritime operations under EU and international instruments including the OSPAR and Bunker Conventions; environmental impacts of petroleum E&P operations; cross-border tort claims for environmental damage; compatibility of development and industrial operations with EU waste, biodiversity and EIA legislation.
• Privacy and data protection – claims under EU and ECHR law about confidential information, data protection, surveillance and interception, including proceedings in the UK Investigatory Powers Tribunal.
• Treaty drafting and constitutional co-operation programmes – advice and assistance to governments and international organisations on preparation of international instruments in the fields of trade and investment, life sciences, data privacy, environmental protection and human rights; assisting in co-operation programmes on constitutional reform and human rights legislation.

Major cases and instructions:

• Prospective BIT claim against Gulf State – advising on ICSID claim arising out of real estate transactions (2017).
• Marine installation straddling multinational territorial sea and EEZ – advising on consenting and Law of the Sea issues (2017).
• A v State B – prospective Energy Charter Treaty claim and parallel domestic proceedings against EU Member State (petroleum E&P).
• UK Modern Slavery Act 2015 – advising Japanese corporation on compliance with supply chain transparency duty (2015); previously member of legal steering group assisting Parliamentarians on the Modern Slavery Bill.
• Merong Mahawangsa v Sharyl Eskay Malaysian Federal Court (2015) – use of international anti-corruption conventions in determining whether public policy prohibits recovery of fee for influence-trading.
• C v State D – prospective Energy Charter Treaty claim against EU Member State (offshore renewables).
• EU Data Protection Package – led the English Bar Council’s response to the proposal for the General Data Protection Regulation and replacement Directive.
• Mediation under the OECD Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises re petroleum exploration in an environmentally sensitive location (Africa, 2014).
• Big Brother Watch and Others v. UK58170/13, ECtHR – advising on prospective intervention in pending ECHR Article 8 claim relating to mass interception of communications.
• R (C) v Commissioner of Police for the Metropolis [2012] 1 WLR 3007 – ECHR Article 8 compatibility of blanket policy of retaining custody photographs.
• Paton v Poole Borough Council, 2010, IPT surveillance by local authority.
• S. and Marper v UK (2008) 48 EHRR 1169, ECtHR (GC): acting for intervener in proceedings re. Article 8 compatibility of English law on retention of DNA data of arrested persons.
• Liberty and others v UK (2008) 48 EHRR 1, ECtHR – telecommunications – Article 8 compatibility of powers to intercept international calls.
• R (Stone) v South East Coast Strategic Health Authority (QBD) [2006] EWHC 1668 (Admin) – lawfulness of publication of confidential medical information as part of inquiry report.
• Plümecke and others v Germany, ECtHR (2006) – ex-DDR expropriation claims.
• R (West) v Society of Lloyd’s [2004] EWCA Civ 506 – whether “private” regulator a public authority for the purpose of ECHR claim under Human Rights Act 1998.
• Society of Lloyd’s v Laws [2003] EWCA Civ 1887 and Law & others v. UK ECtHR (2005) – ECHR Article 6 compatibility of financial regulator’s immunity from suit.
• R (Alconbury Developments) v SSETR (HL) [2001] 2 WLR 1389 – leading UK case on compatibility of ministerial decision-making with ECHR Article 6.
• R v Director of Public Prosecutions ex parte Kebilene (HL) [1999] 3 WLR 972 – retrospective effect of Human Rights Act 1998 in relation to criminal proceedings.